Basic Techniques:

Use a fast shutter speed: One of the most important techniques in sports and action photography is using a fast shutter speed to freeze the action. A fast shutter speed, typically 1/1000th of a second or faster, will help to ensure that the subject is sharp and in focus, even if they are moving quickly.

Pan with the action: Another technique that can be used to add a sense of movement and dynamism to a photograph is panning. To pan, the photographer follows the subject with their camera as they move, using a slower shutter speed to capture the motion blur of the background while keeping the subject relatively sharp.

Use a telephoto lens: A telephoto lens, which has a longer focal length, is often the lens of choice for sports and action photographers. These lenses allow the photographer to get close to the action without physically being too close to the subject, which can be dangerous in certain situations.

Use a high ISO: In order to capture sharp, well-exposed photographs in low light conditions, it may be necessary to use a high ISO setting on the camera. This will allow the camera to be more sensitive to light, but be aware that increasing the ISO can also introduce noise into the image.

Shoot in continuous mode: Using the continuous shooting mode on your camera can be helpful in capturing fast-moving subjects. This mode allows you to take multiple shots in quick succession, increasing the chances of getting a sharp, in-focus photograph.

Advanced Techniques:

Pre-focus or Continuous Focus: In order to capture a fast-moving subject, it is often necessary for the photographer to continuous focus or pre-focus on the area where the subject will be passing through. This can be done by using the camera's continuous focusing mode and tracking the subject as they move.

Use burst mode: Similar to continuous shooting mode, burst mode allows the photographer to take a rapid series of photographs by holding down the shutter button. This can be especially useful for capturing fast-moving subjects as it increases the chances of getting a sharp, in-focus photograph.

Experiment with angles: In order to add a unique perspective to sports and action photographs, photographers can experiment with different angles. This could mean shooting from above or below the action, or getting close to the ground to capture a low angle shot.

Use off-camera flash: In certain situations, using an off-camera flash can help to add additional light and dimension to a photograph. This can be especially useful in low light conditions or for adding dramatic effects to action shots.

Edit and post-process: Even the best photographs can benefit from some post-processing to bring out the best in the image. Adjusting exposure, color balance, and sharpness can all help to improve the overall quality of the photograph.

Sports and action photography requires a combination of technical skill and creativity. By mastering the basic and advanced techniques outlined above, photographers can capture dynamic and exciting photographs that truly capture the energy and excitement of the event.